Demountable building

ABSTRACT

A demountable modular dwelling structure formed of individual detachably interlocking panels. Each panel is formed by joining at least three frame members end-to-end to define a framework. Each of the framing members has a cutaway part and an overhanging part at each end. The cutaway and overhanging parts mate with like parts of the adjoining framing member defining a cavity within the joint. Pin means restrain lateral movement between the joint members. The frame members are grooved to receive siding panels which lock within the grooves and maintain the frame members in proper angular relationship.

[4 Jan.7, 1975 llnite tates [191 Wilson FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONSPryce Wilson, 370 Drouin Dr., Rio

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f 0 mn t0- land Ca RM ABSTRACT A demountable modular dwelling structureformed of individual detachably interlocking panels. Each panel I 7 5 I.w 5 y 2 5 5 1 5 s 27 2 L m4 2 G .1 D 2 5 L C s U 2 5 .11

[51] Int. E04b-1/32 [58] Field of Search......... 52/616, 588, 81, 615,82,

is formed by joining at least three frame members endto-end to define aframework. Each of the frami members has a cutaway part and an overhanging part at each end. The cutaway and overhanging parts mate with likeparts of the adjoining framing member defining a cavity within thejoint. Pin means restrain lateral movement between the joint members.The frame members are grooved to receive siding panels which lock withinthe grooves and maintain the frame members in proper angularrelationship.

9 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures S M M m m T m m m m m N m m m m m E m m H mm d T m m H u m m A u" n u" t I .lP. u n n m m m- N o t a T o m I m r mn m nsehmfi G b A PT m k a RSSSMPMBDM m D E oo723566 T0 566666 9999999911111111 uwwwunww U l l 1 0 36060 23457652 ,9 3,5 82044357 6 67 5 857 5233333 Patented Jan. 7, 1975 3 Sheets-Sheet i DEMOUNTABLE BUILDING Thisapplication is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 215,034 filedJan. 3, 1972 and now abandoned.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1.Field of the Invention This invention relates generally to in situconstruction of structures, and more particuarly to a prefabricatedmodular structures constructed from a plurality of modular panels whichare forced into engagement by their weight and which utilize additionalvacuum or magnetic securing means to secure or enhance the stability andstrength of an assembled panel and structure.

This invention also relates to the practical application of controlledvacuum to panels and structures, to both hold the structure together,and insulate the panel member.

2. Description of the Prior Art Many prefabricated structures such ashomes or buildings utilize panel members or the like which areconstructed at a factory and assembled in situ to form the structure. Inparticular, applicants copending application, Ser. No. 12,173 now US.Pat. No. 3,660,952 discloses a self-supporting prefabricated buildingconstructed from a plurality of substantially identical,triangular-shaped panel members. Each of the members is interlocked withadjacent members by interfitting means comprising a plurality of matingsurfaces abutting each other along the adjacent edges of the panels. Inthis manner, the weight of the panels applies a wedging effect betweenthe mating surfaces. Each of the panel members includes a framewith asheet covering at least one side thereof, and the sheet is fixed to theframe by gluing, stapling, or the like.

Although buildings constructed in accordance with the teaching ofapplicant's copending application are self-supporting and normally standin position under their own weight, some type of fixing means is usuallyrequired between adjacent panels to insure structural stability in caseof high winds or the like. Furthermore, each of the framing members usedto form the triangular frames of the panels must be interlocked with theother framing members by utilizing some type of fastening means, such asglue, hinges, bolts, nails, or the like. These fastening members must bedriven through the frame members, and usually cause weakening of thematerials used. In particular, these weakened portions are susceptibleto decay and rotting, and usually comprise the weakest areas of anassemFled panel.

Applicants present invention overcomes the above set forth disadvantagesby providing a panel construction which is easily taken apart and whichutilizes novel fixing means for fixing the framing structure and sidingtogether. Applicants invention further utilized magnetic or vacuum meansto provide or enhance structural stability and strength to a structureformed with these panels.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A panel for use in constructing a demountablestructure comprising at least three framing members having securingmeans holding the ends of the members together to form a modular panel.The securing means including at least one siding releasably held betweenthe assembled framing members and attaching means provided between thecorners of the framing members.

In invention also includes magnetic and vacuum means for securing ademountable structure together, or strengthening the assembledstructure. A novel vacuum pump is incorporated into the vacuum means.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of anassembled panel of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of one of the framing members forming theframe for the panel of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 shows a pair of panels of the instant invention in the assembledposition with magnetic and vacuum means acting therebetween tostrengthen the connection of the panel members;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a vacuum system for maintaining avacuum within and between the panel members of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of one of the overlapping end portionsofthe framing member shown in FIG. 2; and

FIG. 8 shows a novel two-way check valve for use with the vacuum systemof FIG. 6.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED I EMBODIMENTS The present invention is animproved panel for use in constructing prefabricated modular buildingsof the type set forth in Application Ser. No. 12,173 now US. Pat. No.3,660,952. The panels of the present invention are interfitted inaccordance with the teaching of applicants prior application, andnormally rest in the assembled position by the wedging action of thepanel members.

A preferred form of the panel of the present invention is shown inFIG. 1. This panel is shown as triangular, but may take any desiredshape. Each of the panel includes a frame 11 which is an equilateraltriangle composed of three separate interfitting and interlockingframing members l3, l5, 17. If the panel is of any other shape, it willcomprise at least three framing members held together in the samemanner.

The framing members may be formed from any material such as aluminum,wood, etc., and is provided with cutaway end portions 19, 21 at oppositesides on each end thereof (FIG. 2). In this manner, the framing membersmay be secured to adjacent members by the overlapping of the respectiveend portions to form the triangular frame 11.

In the assembled position, the framing members l3, 15, 17 are maintainedin position by attaching means 23, which may comprise magnets, a vacuumsystem, or elongated pins as shown. The pins are preferably wedge-shapedin cross section, and are slidably held within corresponding openingsformed between the mating surfaces of the cutaway portions at thecorners of the frame. The openings are formed by the mating together ofslotted portions 25, 27 formed at predetermined angles within the matingsurfaces of the end portions 19, 21. The slotted portions on any framingmember bisect the angle at the corner to provide a slot whichidentically matches with the slot on a facing framing member. In thismanner the grooves formed by the mating slots extend diagonally acrossthe corners thereby providing a two-dimensionaiholdmg inserts in whichthe wedge-shaped pins are held.

As shown more clearly inf FIGS. 1 and 7, the slots extend inwardly,commencing at the outer corner of the bottom surface of each framingmember, at an angle that bisects the corner angle at 30 toward theopposite inner surface of the respective frame member.

To provide properly mating surfaces, and to enable a stable triangularframe to be secured together, the end of each of the framing members iscut-off at 29, 31 so as to slant inwardly at an angle of approximately60. In addition, the inner mating surfaces 33, 35 of each of the cut-outportions 19, 21 is formed parallel to the ends cut-off 29, 31. Theseslanted portions provide the proper angle of 60 between the side framingmembers in their assembled position. In some situations, the ends 29, 31may be extended to overlap ends of members of adjacent panels in otherbuildings.

The pins 23 hold the ends of the triangular frame in alignment, andprevent separation of the framing members in the plane of the drawing.Or magnets 23 may be aligned at the corners to prevent separation. Toprevent separation of the frame in a direction perpendicular to theplane of the drawing, each of the framing members is provided with atleast one groove 37, 39 extending along the length of the inner surface41. EAch framing member is preferably provided with a pair of grooveswhich may take any desired shape. As shown in FIG. 4, each groove isslanted inwardly from the side edge of each framing member and receivessimilarly formed edges 47, 79 secured on the inner surface of coveringsidings or sheets 43, 45. This securely holds the sidings within theframe and prevents their separation therefrom. The sheets may be formedfrom any material, such as aluminum sidings, plywood or the like.

As shown, the sidings are substantially the same shape as the frame andinclude narrowed or reduced inner portions of the same shape fixed to orlaminated on the inner surface to form the edges 47, 49. These edgesextend into and mate with the grooves 37, 39, In this manner, it can beseen that when the frame members are assembled with the sheets fixedtherein, the sheets will be prevented from being pulled away from theframe by the coaction of the edges 47, 49 in the grooves 37, 39. At thesame time, the triangular or other shape of the inner portion coactingwith each of the grooves, will prevent the framing member from beingpulled apart in the direction perpendicular to the drawings, and willalso support a portion of any load applied to the panel member, tofurther strengthen the same.

After the construction of the panels, a plurality of these panels areassembled in accordance with the teaching of the application Serial No.12,173 now I J Pat. No. 3,660,952 to form a building or other enclosure.As described in applicants previous application, the panels are providedwith interfitting means 51, to

secure each panel to adjacent panels at a predetermined angle relativeto each other.

For illustrative purposes only, FIG. 5 shows the side framing member 17of one panel slipped into and secured to the side framing panel 15 of anadjacent panel member. A space 52 if formed between the side framingmembers of abutting panel members. Depending on the angle of contactbetween the panel member, which is in turn determined by the size andangle of the interfitting means 51, space 53 will vary in size.

As shown in FIG. 5, securing means and/or additional reinforcing meansto increase the strength of the connection between the panel members isprovided. This securing or reinforcing means may take any number offorms and in the preferred embodiments shown, comprises agnetic andvacuum means.

An insert 55, substantially filling the space 53 is provided between theadjacent panel members. This insert, is preferably separate, but may bemade a portion of either of the adjacent framing members, 15, 17. Forreasons of simplicity, the interfitting 51, more clearly described inapplicants pending application, are shown as simple tongue and grooveson the mating surfaces.

To maintain the insert 55 in place, and to securely hold the panelmembers together, a plurality of pairs of facing magnets 57, 59, of anydesired size, are placed in the abutting frame members and the insert.The magnets may be of the permanent or electro-magnetic type. Ifelectromagnetic, they will be preferably controlled by releasableelectric circuit means extendirg; into space 53, to facilitate therelease of the same, if it is decided that the structure should be takenapart for moving or storage.

In addition to the magnetic coupling means, a further embodiment of theinvention envisions the use of a vacuum joining and insulating means.This means is formed at the joints between adjacent panel members and,if desired, in the space enclosed by the frame and the outside sheeting.

One embodiment of a vacuum system for producing the desired result isshown in FIG. 5, and includes a plurality of conduits 60, 61connected-between a vacuum pump or source 63, and a space 65 lyingbetween the frame and the sheeting 43, 45. If no interior sheeting 45 isutilized, conduits 61 will be connected directly to passages 79 forconnecting to space 53. Exterior sheeting 43 is shown formed with endportions 71, 73 which extend outwardly beyond the frames 11. One ofthese end portions, such as 71 extends beyond the end portion 73 and theother end portions 73 contacts the under surface thereof.

To prevent the leaking of any vacuum formed in the spaces between theframes and the sheeting 43, 45 and to add further insulation to abuilding formed therewith, the sheeting 43, 45 is made impervious to thepassage of fluids, as by being coated or impregnated with a sealant. Thesealant may be a resin, rubber coating, or the like. In addition, aplurality of sealing members 75 are strategically placed so as to insurethe sealing of any vacuum formed in the spaces 53 and 65.

As shown, the inner sheeting 45 of adjoining panels come into contactadjacent to ends of the framing members l5, l7, and a weather strippingor other rubber-like tape 76 is provided to further seal the spaces atthis point.

When a vacuum is drawn in the source 63, the conduits 60, 61 withdrawthe air from the space 65 and the space 53 via the conduits 61 and thepassages 79. The vacuum drawn within the spaces allows the outside airpressure to hold the panels together, and to secure the adjacent panelmembers together. The vacuum also insulates the walls againsttemperature changes.

The vacuum provides a structurally rigid and stable building, or may beselectively used with other means to stabilize or maintain a structurein its erected position. Check valves, release valves and other safetydevices are provided in the vacuum system, to prevent any unnecessaryleakage of vacuum therefrom.

When a vacuum is drawn in space 65 between the sheetings 43, 45 andwithin the space 53 formed between adjacent panels, no furtherinsulation will be required in the strucutre, since the vacuum willprevent the passage of or transfer of any heat therethrough, in eitherdirection. When transfer of heat is desired, the vacuum may beautomatically regulated to enable a transfer of heat through the walls,in either direction. In addition, the vacuum will cause the materialsused in constructing the enclosure to be less susceptible to temperaturechanges, thereby increasing the life thereof.

Although the vacuum system may be used alone, the

use of this system with magnetic and pin means provides a failsafe safesystem to insure structural rigidity in case the vacuum within thesystem is lost. In this manner the vacuum may be varied more widely totake full advantage of and changes in the environmental or outsidetemperatures without detracting from the buildings rigidity. t Thevacuum system of the present invention may be applied beneath anycompleted structure or flooring upon which the same rests for theelimination of squeaky floors and to more firmly anchor the structure toits foundation or the ground during storms, earthquakes, or the like.

When utilizing a double wall panel as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, any vacuumdrawn within the space 65 between the panels acts as an insulating layerto thereby allow a structure to be more economically heated or cooled.If a portion of eitherwall becomes ruptured or worn, repairs may beeasily made by merely placing a patch or the like over the damagedportion and fixing this patch in place, in any suitable manner, as bythe application of a resin.

If all of the walls and joints of the completed structure are subjectedto a vacuum, some type of a positive vent, such as a direct passagethrough the walls to allow air to circulate within the structure, mustbe provided. The air entering the enclosure may be positively controlledby being passed through filters, air conditioning and the like. Ifsafety demands it, the discharge from the vacuum system may be directedto the interior of the building, or some other safe discharge point.

If a large enough vacuum is drawn between the walls of the structure,density inciter means should be provided therein. These density incitermeans restrict, restrain or oppose the vacuum and thereby provide astrengthened panel. For insulational value, the density inciters shouldcontain at least one layer of material, such as asbestos.

With a large enough vacuum, it is also possible to operate vacuum tools,to provide positive ventiliation for the interior of the structure, orto provide tiny pinholes or the like in the interior walls, whereby asmall vacuum may be drawn for holding pictures or other fixturesthereby.

As set forth above, all woods or other porous material used to constructa structure of the present invention may be coated with a resin or othersealant. If desired, the sealant may be hardened under a greater vacuumthan that to which it normally would be subjected in everyday use. Thiswould provide a stronger material adding still further insulating valueto a structure.

By utilizing the magnetic and vacuum systems of the present invention,in conjunction with the novel panels disclosed herein, the frame andother portions of a structure are not pierced or punctured by securingmeans such as nails, staples, or the like. This lack of piercing willincrease the length of life of the material used to construct thestructure, by eliminating weak points where rot or other means ofdestroying the material commence.

In addition, any appliances contained in a home or the like constructedin accordance: with the present invention may be adapted to be insulatedor operated by the vacuum system.

Turning now to FIG. 6 of the drawings, there shown is a novel vacuumpump or source 63 for use with the vacuum system of the presentinvention. Thesource includes a pair of cylinders or reservoirs 81, 83.The reservoirs are connected between the conduits 60, 61 which draw thevacuum within the system described above, and a pump 85. In this manner,a vacuum is continuously drawn within the system by the action of afluid 87 continuously pumped into and withdrawn from the reservoirs.

In the present invention, the amount of fluid pumped between thereservoirs is fixed, and additional fluid may be added, by a valve (notshown) to replace the fluid lost by leakage, evaporation, or the like.FIG. 6 shows the liquid being pumped from cylinder 81 into cylinder 83by means of the pump 85 through valves 103, 105. This pumping actiondraws a vacuum in the space above the level of the fluid 87 in eachreservoir and through conduits 89, 97. A simple floatation valve (notshown), may be located inside each reservoir whereby if the fluidreaches too high or too low a level, the exit at either end may beblocked.

A two-way check valve is provided at the top of each chamber 81, 83, anda two-way valve 99 controls the flow of fluid from the conduits 89, 97,respectively, to conduit 60.

As the water is being withdrawn from reservoir 81, (FIG. 6), air will bewithdrawn from conduits 89, 97, 60 and 61, thereby drawing a vacuumwithin the system. In addition, as the reservoir 81 is being emptied,the reservoir 83 is filled thereby forcing any air remaining thereinthrough the valve 95 and to waste at 101. After water is drained fromthe reservoir 81, and the reservoir 83 is filled, valves 99, 103 and 105are operated or reversed. Pump 85 will continue pumping, and water 87now will be pumped from the reservoir 83 to the reservoir 81 drawing avacuum in lines 60 and 97 through valve 99. At the same time fluid willbe pumped into the reservoir 81 and air will be exhausted through valve95 to waste at 101. In this manner it can be seen that an extremelysimple vacuum source is pro vided to continuously draw a vacuum in thesystem set forth above.

The operation or reversing of the valves 99, 103, and 105 is preferablysimultaneous, and may be provided by automatic, mechanical, or manualmeans. One means of automatically operating the valves is by theprovision of electrical or pressure switches 108. These switches may beprovided in both lines above the reservoirs, and are activated when thelevel or pressure of the fluid in the cylinders 83, or 83 reaches apredetermined position. The switch will then automatically activatesolenoids or other means to simultaneously operate or reverse the valves99, 103, and 105 90 from the position shown in FIG. 6 to reverse theflow of fluid within the system. The directional flow of fluid throughthe pump is always the same, and will not be changed by the reversal ofthe valves.

Turning now to FIG. 8, there shown is an enlarged cross sectional viewof the novel double check valve 95 of applicants present invention.These valves include a lower body sealingly inserted into the conduits89, 97 as shown. Body 106 is provided with internal threads 107 intowhich is threaded a further pipe 109 leading to exhaust at 101. Pipe 109also includes exterior threads 111 coacting with the internal threads107 of the body, and internal threads 113 into which an insert 115 isthreaded.

The insert is provided with two conically shaped seating portions 117,119 at either end of a passage 121 extending therethrough. A lightweightneedle valve 123, having a conical tip 125 formed at the bottom thereoffor coaction with the valve seat 117 is provided within pipe 109 forcontrolling flow of fluid through the passage 121. Valve 123 is biasedto the position shown, when air passes therearound to exhaust at 101.Upon drawing a vacuum in the line, the valve 123 will be forceddownwardly into contact with the seat 117 by atmospheric pressure. Inthis manner, air may pass through passage 121 but any vacuum drawnwithin the lines will be retained.

Body 106 is also provided with an insert 127 having a plurality of holesor perforations 129 passing therethrough for the passage of fluid. Inaddition, insert 127 is provided with a central bore or hole 131 for thereceipt of the stem 133 of a further needle valve 135. Needle valve 135includes a portion of buoyant material 137 whereby fluid other than airpassing through holes 129 in insert 127 will bias the conical tip 139into contact with the valve seat 119 to stop the flow of the fluid. Itshould be noted that air will normally pass around the valve 135 toexhaust 101, without causing closure thereof.

The two-way check valve 95 therefore prevents the loss of vacuum drawnin the system, allows air to be exhausted from the reservoirs, butprevents the loss of fluid from either of the reservoirs.

It therefore can be seen that applicants invention provides a novelpanel means which may be assembled without the use of fastening membersother than magnets, pins or vacuum means coacting at the corners of thepanel and sidings held within the framing members. A plurality of thesepanel members may then be assembled and be secured together by magneticmeans, vacuum means or their own wieght. The invention further providesfor magnetic and vacuum means for strengthening an assembled structure.

In this manner, it can be seen that a structure may be formed which iseasily assembled and taken apart and which may be readily andinexpensively maintained, moved, or redesigned.

With the yacuum insulating and sealing system of the present inventionprovided for a structure, no insects or other pests will be present,thereby further increasing the life of the structure.

In addition, applicant has provided a novel and efficient vacuum pumpcoacting with a novel two-way check valve for providing sufficientvacuum to stabilize and strengthen a rigid structure by the continuouspumping of water between two cylinders.

While the invention has been described in considerable detail, it is notto be limited to such details as have been set forth except as may benecessitated by the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A plurality of individual detachably interlocking panels, said panelsforming in combination a demountable modular dwelling structure, each ofsaid panels comprising:

a. at least three framing members joined end-to-end to define aframework;

b. each of said framing members having a cutaway part and an overhangpart at each end, said cutaway part at one end of one of said membersmating with said overhang part at the end of an adjacent joined one ofsaid members to form an overlapping joint;

c. each said overhang part including an elongated recess to form acavity within said overlapping joint;

d. pin means mating with said cavity for restraining lateral movementbetween said overhanging parts forming said overlapping joint;

e. a set of grooves, one of said set of grooves being disposed in eachof matched sides of at least two said members forming said framework,said set of grooves defining an enclosure shaped similar to saidframework but of lesser size; and

f. a siding sized to conform with the dimensions of said enclosure, eachedge of said siding being mating with and locking within the respectiveone of said set of grooves; whereby, said panel is formed of a pluralityof interlocking frame members rigidly retained in angular relationshipwith one another by said overlapping joints and said keyed siding.

2. The combination set forth in claim 1, including:

a. a further set of undercut grooves, one of said further set of groovesbeing disposed in each of further matched sides of said members formingsaid framework, said further set of grooves defining a further enclosureshaped similarly to said framework but of lesser size; and

b. a further siding sized to conform with the dimensions of said furtherenclosure, each edge of said further siding being mated with and lockedwithin the respective one of said further set of undercut grooves;whereby, said siding and said further siding together with said membersdefine an enclosed space.

3. The combination set forth in claim 2, including protrusions extendingbeyond the periphery of said framework to shield said overlapping jointfrom the elements.

4. The combination set forth in claim 2, including:

a. a vacuum pump;

b. means for connecting said pump to said panel to draw air from withinsaid enclosed space; whereby the pressure differential between ambientatmospheric pressure and the pressure within said entween adjacentpanels to secure said panels together.

8. The combination set forth in claim 1 wherein said panels arereleasably secured together by interfitting means, and provided with avacuum holding system connected between spaces formed in and betweensaid panels to securely bind said panels together.

9. The combination of claim 8 wherein said panels are provided withmagnetic means for further securing

1. A plurality of individual detachably interlocking panels, said panelsforming in combination a demountable modular dwelling structure, each ofsaid panels comprising: a. at least three framing members joinedend-to-end to define a framework; b. each of said framing members havinga cutaway part and an overhang part at each end, said cutaway part atone end of one of said members mating with said overhang part at the endof an adjacent joined one of said members to form an overlapping joint;c. each said overhang part including an elongated recess to form acavity within said overlapping joint; d. pin means mating with saidcavity for restraining lateral movement between said overhanging partsforming said overlapping joint; e. a set of grooves, one of said set ofgrooves being disposed in each of matched sides of at least two saidmembers forming said framework, said set of grooves defining anenclosure shaped similar to said framework but of lesser size; and f. asiding sized to conform with the dimensions of said enclosure, each edgeof said siding being mating with and locking within the respective oneof said set of grooves; whereby, said panel is formed of a plurality ofinterlocking frame members rigidly retained in angular relationship withone another by said overlapping joints and said keyed siding.
 2. Thecombination set forth in claim 1, including: a. a further set ofundercut grooves, one of said further set of grooves being disposed ineach of further matched sides of said members forming said framework,said further set of grooves defining a further enclosure shapedsimilarly to said framework but of lesser size; and b. a further sidingsized to conform with the dimensions of said further enclosure, eachedge of said further siding being mated with and locked within therespective one of said further set of undercut grooves; whereby, saidsiding and said further siding together with said members define anenclosed space.
 3. The combination set forth in claim 2, includingprotrusions extending beyond the periphery of said framework to shieldsaid overlapping joint from the elements.
 4. The combination set forthin claim 2, including: a. a vacuum pump; b. means for connecting saidpump to said panel to draw air from within said enclosed space; wherebythe pressure differential between ambient atmospheric pressure and thepressure within said enclosed space creates a force tending to securesaid siding and said further siding to said framing members and saidframing members to one another.
 5. The combination set forth in claim 1wherein said panels are Reinforced and secured together by a vacuum. 6.The combination of claim 5 including magnetic means for the reinforcingof the securing of adjacent panels.
 7. The combination set forth inclaim 1 wherein said panels have vacuum and magnetic means providedbetween adjacent panels to secure said panels together.
 8. Thecombination set forth in claim 1 wherein said panels are releasablysecured together by interfitting means, and provided with a vacuumholding system connected between spaces formed in and between saidpanels to securely bind said panels together.
 9. The combination ofclaim 8 wherein said panels are provided with magnetic means for furthersecuring said panels together.